Is Multiple Personality Rare? Not Everyone Thinks So.

1. Martha Stout, Ph.D. The Myth of Sanity, Tales of Multiple Personality in Everyday Life. Divided Consciousness and the Promise of Awareness. New York, N.Y. Penguin Books. 2002.

Added May 4, 2026: I've asked A.I. ("Rufus") why both Martha Stout (in her other books) and H. Cleckley (in his books) have discussed Multiple Personality and Psychopathy. The answer is that both disorders involve deceptive and manipulative behavior.

The key distinction is that Multiple Personality involves too much feeling (overwhelming trauma creating self-protective splitting), while psychopathy involves absence of empathy and conscience.