BASIC CONCEPTS

— When novelists claim they do not invent it, but hear voices and find stories in their head, they are neither joking nor crazy.

— When characters, narrators, or muses have minds of their own and occasionally take over, they are alternate personalities.

— Alternate personalities and memory gaps, but no significant distress or dysfunction, is a normal version of multiple personality.

— normal Multiple Personality Trait (MPT) (core of Multiple Identity Literary Theory), not clinical Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD)

— The normal version of multiple personality is an asset in fiction writing when some alternate personalities are storytellers.

— Multiple personality originates when imaginative children with normal brains have unassuaged trauma as victim or witness.

— Psychiatrists, whose standard mental status exam fails to ask about memory gaps, think they never see multiple personality.

— They need the clue of memory gaps, because alternate personalities don’t acknowledge their presence until their cover is blown.

— In novels, most multiple personality, per se, is unnoticed, unintentional, and reflects the author’s view of ordinary psychology.

— Multiple personality means one person who has more than one identity and memory bank, not psychosis or possession.

— Euphemisms for alternate personalities include parts, pseudonyms, alter egos, doubles, double consciousness, voice or voices.

— Multiple personality trait: 90% of fiction writers; possibly 30% of public.

— Each time you visit, search "name index" or "subject index," choose another name or subject, and search it.

— If you read only recent posts, you miss most of what this site has to offer.

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MPD Textbooks: — Frank W. Putnam, MD. Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) (a.k.a. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), New York, The Guilford Press, 1989. —James G. Friesen, PhD. Uncovering the Mystery of MPD, (includes discussion of demonic possession) Eugene, Oregon, Wipf and Stock Publishers,1997.

Saturday, July 12, 2025

“The Gathering” (winner of 2007 Man Booker Prize) by Anne Enright (post 1): Veronica, whose large Irish family is gathering in Dublin after the death of her brother, Liam, is puzzled by her memory gap for their past conversation


“He was the one who talked most, but I didn’t mind. I wish I could remember what exactly he said, but conversation doesn’t stick to my memory of Liam…We talked as brother and sister might…It was summer, and sometimes we were still talking when the sun came up — but I have no idea what these conversations were. I put a phrase into the bedroom air, like ‘Joan Armatrading’, and I think, We would never talk about her. [note use of italics] I suppose we talked about family…What else — quantum mechanics? (1, p. 118).


Comment: Note that the author has italicized “We would never talk about her.”  As discussed in past posts, novelists may use italics to indicate voices heard in the head, as opposed to merely silent thought. And voices heard in the head may be voices of alternate personalities (2, p. 62, 94).


And if a novel has no characters who are labelled as having multiple personality, any symptoms of multiple personality may reflect what I call an author’s normal, creative, high-functioning “multiple personality trait.” 


Added same day: I will have further comment when I finish this novel. Maybe it will clarify itself.


1. Anne Enright. The Gathering. New York, Grove Press, 2007.

2. Frank W. Putnam, MD. Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder. New York, The Guilford Press, 1989. 

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