BASIC CONCEPTS

— When novelists claim they do not invent it, but hear voices and find stories in their head, they are neither joking nor crazy.

— When characters, narrators, or muses have minds of their own and occasionally take over, they are alternate personalities.

— Alternate personalities and memory gaps, but no significant distress or dysfunction, is a normal version of multiple personality.

— normal Multiple Personality Trait (MPT) (core of Multiple Identity Literary Theory), not clinical Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD)

— The normal version of multiple personality is an asset in fiction writing when some alternate personalities are storytellers.

— Multiple personality originates when imaginative children with normal brains have unassuaged trauma as victim or witness.

— Psychiatrists, whose standard mental status exam fails to ask about memory gaps, think they never see multiple personality.

— They need the clue of memory gaps, because alternate personalities don’t acknowledge their presence until their cover is blown.

— In novels, most multiple personality, per se, is unnoticed, unintentional, and reflects the author’s view of ordinary psychology.

— Multiple personality means one person who has more than one identity and memory bank, not psychosis or possession.

— Euphemisms for alternate personalities include parts, pseudonyms, alter egos, doubles, double consciousness, voice or voices.

— Multiple personality trait: 90% of fiction writers; possibly 30% of public.

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Saturday, February 4, 2017

Tonight’s old movie in New York on Channel 13 is “Laura,” based on Caspary novel in which villain says, “I am given to thinking of myself in the third person.”

My previous post this morning, citing an Op-Ed column in today’s New York Times, was about referring to oneself in the third person: it might indicate multiple personality. I just noticed that the old movie scheduled for television tonight is Laura, which (the book on which it is based), raises the same issue, as discussed in a past post:

November 4, 2015
Multiple personality, Illeism (third-person self-reference), Nosism (first-person plural self-reference): Vera Caspary’s Laura and the case of Waldo Lydecker

One of my favorite old movies is Laura (1944), but until now, I had never read the book, in which several of the characters take turns in first-person narration, beginning with Waldo Lydecker:

“I offer the narrative, not so much as a detective yarn as a love story. I wish I were its hero. I fancy myself a pensive figure drawn, without conscious will, into a love that was born of violence and destined for tragedy. I am given to thinking of myself in the third person. Many a time, when I have suffered some clumsy misadventure, I am saved from remorse by the substitution for unsavory memory of another captivating installment in The Life and Times of Waldo Lydecker. Rare are the nights when I fail to lull myself to sleep without the sedative of some such heroic statement as ‘Waldo Lydecker stood, untroubled, at the edge of a cliff beneath which ten thousand angry lions roared.’ I make this confession at the risk of exhibiting absurdity…” (1, p. 20).

Why are some people inclined to think of themselves in the third person? I googled the issue and discovered the terms “illeism” and “nosism” in Wikipedia, which gives various reasons for people to refer to themselves those ways, but doesn’t include the reason I had in mind, multiple personality:

“From time to time, multiples will slip (perhaps on purpose) and make self-reference in the first person plural or the third person” (2, p. 84).

And I recall that when Charles Dickens confided his plans for the plot of Edwin Drood, he said that John Jasper, the murderer, was to be revealed as having multiple personality when he refers to himself in the third person (see my Dickens post).

There is nothing about multiple personality in Vera Caspary’s Laura, unless Waldo Lydecker’s proclivity to third-person self-reference is interpreted that way, which most people would consider far-fetched. But I think his trying to kill Laura was rather out-of-character, in an evil Mr. Hyde kind of way.


1. Vera Caspary. Laura. Impress Mystery, 1943/1970.
2. Frank W. Putnam MD. Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder. New York, The Guilford Press, 1989.

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