BASIC CONCEPTS

— When novelists claim they do not invent it, but hear voices and find stories in their head, they are neither joking nor crazy.

— When characters, narrators, or muses have minds of their own and occasionally take over, they are alternate personalities.

— Alternate personalities and memory gaps, but no significant distress or dysfunction, is a normal version of multiple personality.

— normal Multiple Personality Trait (MPT) (core of Multiple Identity Literary Theory), not clinical Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD)

— The normal version of multiple personality is an asset in fiction writing when some alternate personalities are storytellers.

— Multiple personality originates when imaginative children with normal brains have unassuaged trauma as victim or witness.

— Psychiatrists, whose standard mental status exam fails to ask about memory gaps, think they never see multiple personality.

— They need the clue of memory gaps, because alternate personalities don’t acknowledge their presence until their cover is blown.

— In novels, most multiple personality, per se, is unnoticed, unintentional, and reflects the author’s view of ordinary psychology.

— Multiple personality means one person who has more than one identity and memory bank, not psychosis or possession.

— Euphemisms for alternate personalities include parts, pseudonyms, alter egos, doubles, double consciousness, voice or voices.

— Multiple personality trait: 90% of fiction writers; possibly 30% of public.

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Friday, December 11, 2020

Illeism (third person self-reference) and Nosism (plural self-reference): Described as typical behavior in a textbook on multiple personality


As is well known, some people refer to themselves in the third person (1) or as “we” (2). It may be socially appropriate with no diagnostic implications.


Less well known, illeism and nosism are typical of multiple personality:


“From time to time, multiples will…make self-references in the first person plural or the third person. The use of ‘we’ in a collective manner, rather than in the editorial sense, is a…common observation. Patients may also say ‘he’ or ‘she’ in reference to their own behavior” (3, p. 84).


Since multiple personality, even when present, is usually camouflaged and undetected—especially in its most common form as a mentally well, potentially useful trait—the possibility of its presence in any person who uses illeism or nosism is worth considering.


1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illeism

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosism

3. Frank W. Putnam, MD. Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Personality Disorder. New York, The Guilford Press, 1989.

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